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- <text id=91TT0828>
- <title>
- Apr. 15, 1991: Brushing Up On Right And Wrong
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 15, 1991 Saddam's Latest Victims
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ETHICS, Page 63
- Brushing Up on Right and Wrong
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A California ethicist teaches change for the better
- </p>
- <p> When the phone rings for Michael Josephson, it usually means
- that something has gone wrong. Spectacular disgraces like the
- savings and loan mess and the police-brutality scandal in Los
- Angeles have aroused public concern about corruption, and
- corruption--and how to avoid it--is one of Josephson's chief
- concerns. A former law professor at Loyola Marymount University
- in Los Angeles, he specializes in teaching ethics courses to
- government officials, businessmen and just plain citizens.
- Whether the problem is statewrongdoing or corporate misconduct,
- his telephone rings often these days with the same request: Can
- you help us?
- </p>
- <p> Across the country, business and government leaders are
- brushing up on right and wrong by attending Josephson's seminars
- to re-educate themselves about ethics. The sessions are
- entertaining and combative, but their message is simple: ethical
- values are more than a series of rules. Josephson encourages
- people to look beyond the letter of the law to such principles
- as honor, fairness, honesty and justice.
- </p>
- <p> Josephson began teaching ethics in 1976, when he was
- assigned a Watergate-inspired course on legal ethics. Later that
- year, he began to muse over the increasing distance between
- society's emphasis on measures designed to prevent bad conduct
- and its incentives to promote good behavior. In Los Angeles he
- founded the nonprofit Joseph & Edna Josephson Institute of
- Ethics, named for his parents, and started offering classes.
- During the past four years, he has taught thousands of people
- in hundreds of companies and organizations. One of his main
- precepts: "We judge ourselves by our best intention, but we are
- judged by our last worst act."
- </p>
- <p> In recent months Josephson has conducted seminars for such
- diverse groups as the New York State Bar Association, Levi
- Strauss & Co. and the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. In January he
- spent eight days in Berkeley Springs, W. Va., teaching 55 senior
- executives of the Internal Revenue Service, who in turn will
- pass on what they have learned to the agency's 14,000 managers.
- Alaska asked him to draft a model ethics bill last year that is
- still pending in the state's legislature, and Tennessee is
- considering its own reforms based on the Alaska model.
- </p>
- <p> In Sacramento, Josephson recently had a captive audience.
- A 1990 state ethics-reform law, passed after the felony
- indictments of two California legislators, makes attendance at
- biennial ethics courses mandatory for all state legislators and
- their staff members. It is probably the first time that an
- entire legislature has been sent back to school. Typically,
- Josephson asked participants to enact real-life situations that
- involve moral dilemmas. A pet example: When a senator is invited
- to speak out of town, is it proper for the sponsoring group to
- pay for the air fare and hotel bills of his family? Josephson
- explains that while such perks may be legal, they are not
- ethical because they have the appearance of skirting the
- no-honorariums rules.
- </p>
- <p> Are such programs really effective? While many find them
- worthwhile, state senator Diane Watson, who took part in the
- Sacramento meeting, is not so sure. "Politics is about what you
- can negotiate," she says. "You cannot take the standard of
- ordinary people and lay it over every situation." On the
- contrary, says Josephson, personal values are the starting place
- for effective political ethics. As the century draws to a close,
- he is optimistic that every leading business and government
- organization will have an ethics-education program. "Without
- it," he warns, "they are going to get chewed up from inside and
- outside." He predicts, in fact, that the ethics movement will
- be to the '90s what the consumer movement was to the '60s. And
- his phone keeps on ringing.
- </p>
- <p> By Emily Mitchell. Reported by Sylvester Monroe/Sacramento
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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